The shots killed Hugh McCabe (20), a Catholic soldier who was on leave. TWO FORMER POLICE officers will not be prosecuted over two fatal shootings in Belfast 50 years ago. ; 1972. The South Armagh IRA were recognised as an independent entity by Provisionals from the mid-1970s, with the area notoriously dangerous for police and army operations. They then marched to Shankill Road waving Union Flags and singing The Sash My Father Wore (a popular loyalist ballad). However, it was very badly prepared to defend nationalist areas of Belfast, having few weapons or fighters on the ground. Con David Montgomery, 20, and Sgt Peter Gilgunn, 26, were killed in an IRA gun attack. Specifically, they criticised the RUCs use of Browning heavy machine-guns in built-up areas, their failure to stop Protestants from burning down Catholic homes, and their withdrawal from the streets long before the Army arrived. Ann Ogilbys brutal murder: Forgotten victims of the Troubles, Thursday 14 August and early hours of Friday 15 August, FallsShankill interface near Divis Tower, FallsShankill interface near Clonard Monastery, Statistical breakdown of deaths in the Troubles of Northern Ireland 1969 2001, Irish National Liberation Army ( I.N.L.A ), Irish Republican Army. Francis McCloskey, a 67-year-old Catholic civilian had been found unconscious on 13 July near theDungivenOrange Hall following a police baton charge against a crowd who had been throwing stones at the hall. [8] He and another had been on the roof of the Whitehall building (which was part of the Divis complex) and were pulling a wounded man to safety. Patrick Rooneys brother Con, in a statement, said: The RUC have literally gotten away with the murder of a 9 year old child. [42] The soldiers could only fire back on the orders of an officer when life was directly threatened. Events in Belfast have been viewed by some as apogromagainst the Catholic and nationalist minority.[1][2]. Sinn Fin (SF) blamed the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) for the attack. The George Cross was instituted during the second World War by King George VI. Post-war policies brought about a gradual improvement in the lot of the RUC, interrupted only by a return to hostilities by the IRA border campaign from 1957 to 1962, in which seven RUC officers were killed. The first deaths of the Troubles occurred in July 1969. Shot while part of Loyalist crowd, during street disturbances, corner of Divis Street and Dover Street, Lower Falls, Belfast. Three people were shot dead during street violence in the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast. In 1998 Chief Constable Ronnie Flanagan stated in an interview on television that he was unhappy with any RUC officers belonging to the Orange Order or any of the other loyal orders. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) described an attack on a Catholic man (22) as attempted murder. It was the highest death toll inflicted on the RUC in its entire history. [17], On 14 August riots continued in Dungannon, Armagh and Newry. The Shorlands were immediately attacked with gunfire, an explosive device and petrol bombs. [40] Egan claimed that himself and other priests at Clonard Monastery made at least four calls to the RUC for help, but none came. Killed by: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Unclassified cookies are cookies that we are in the process of classifying, together with the providers of individual cookies. 1970. On 23 April the Unionist Parliamentary Party voted by 28 to 22 to introduce universal adult suffrage in local government elections in Northern Ireland. [33], Some time after the killing of Hugh McCabe, some 200 loyalists attacked Catholic Divis Street and began burning houses there. Garda are routinely unarmed, with only 20-25 per cent qualified to deploy a firearm. "The first RUC officer was killed in 1933 and there were murders in almost every decade. He was taken to hospital and died the following day. At the Conservative Party conference in Bournemouth, John Major, then British Prime Minister, told delegates that the IRA would not bomb its way into the Stormont talks. The largest of these were the Woodvale Defence Association, led by Charles Harding Smith, and the Shankill Defence Association, led by John McKeague, which had been responsible for what organisation there was of loyalist violence in the riots of August 1969. [13]:268 Initially, a third of positions within the force were reserved for Catholics, a reflection of the denominational proportions of the population of Northern Ireland at that time. How many RUC officers were killed in the Troubles? Carlin added: I fully acknowledge the deep disappointment felt today by three families who have lived for many decades with the loss of their loved one in very painful circumstances. Witnesses later said they had seen police batoning a figure in the doorway where McCloskey was found, although police claimed that he had been unconscious before the baton charge and may have been hit with a stone. There were claims of police brutality. The service was attended by a number of Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politicians including former Assembly speaker Lord Hay, East Londonderry MP Gregory Campbell and the Mayor of Derry Graham Warke. Some of these led to attacks by loyalists working alongside the police. and RollingNews.ie unless otherwise stated. 2023 BBC. First RUC Officer Killed Victor Arbuckle (aged 29), a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was shot dead by Loyalists during street disturbances on the Shankill Road in Belfast. The absence of accountability which could allow acts or omissions by individuals to go undetected. The loyalists had taken to the streets in protest at the Hunt Report, which recommended the disbandment of the, The UVF detonated bombs in the Republic of Ireland. NICRA was opposed by Ian Paisleys Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC) and other loyalist groups. The man suffered a broken cheek bone and needed stitches for the knife wound. In certain areas, the RUC helped the loyalists and failed to protect Catholic areas. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Where have all the second-hand properties gone? Francis McCloskey, a 67-year-old Catholic civilian had been found unconscious on 13 July near the Dungiven Orange Hall following a police baton charge against a crowd who had been throwing stones at the hall. Killed by:British Army (BA) Died three months after being badly beaten in his home, William Street, Bogside, Derry. The disorder led to the Battle of the Bogside in Derry, a three-day riot in the Bogside district between the RUC and the nationalist/Catholic residents. Shot during street disturbances, Cathedral Road, Armagh. first ruc officer killed in the troubles. It was founded on 1 June 1922 as a successor to theRoyal Irish Constabulary(RIC). 483623. In the endeavour to cope simultaneously with the warring factions the police efforts were practically nullified. 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They were held back with difficulty by the police. Loyalists crossed over to the Catholic/nationalist side of Crumlin Road to attack Brookfield Street, Herbert Street, Butler Street and Hooker Street. The murderous violence which would blight Northern Ireland for the next three decades was already percolating, with his sister recalling Mr Arbuckle recovering from an injury during earlier disturbances. Francis OReilly (30) Catholic. But of this I am quite certain they are being manipulated and encouraged by those who seek to discredit and overthrow this Government. They were met by Protestant pipe bands and a large crowd of supporters. "Because in the past there had been sporadic violence where those killed were less than the fingers of one hand, I suspect no one would have ever guessed the Troubles would last over 30 years and more than 300 officers would be killed and thousands more injured. Two Protestant civilians were shot dead by the British Army during rioting. Civil rights marches were repeatedly attacked by bothUlster Protestantloyalistsand by theRoyal Ulster Constabulary(RUC), a unionist and largely Protestant police force. Con David Montgomery, 20, and Sgt Peter Gilgunn, 26, were killed in an IRA gun attack in the Creggan area of the city on 27 January 1972. Some of these led to attacks by loyalists working alongside the police. Scores of houses, most of them owned by Catholics, as well as businesses and factories were burned out. Annual Killings by Military and Paramilitary Groups 1969, Remembering all Innocent victims of the Troubles, To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die. Due to reluctance by the political establishment to employ too many Catholics (who were seen as potentially disloyal to the Protestant and unionist ethos of the new government) the force abandoned this policy. Protestant Arbuckle was the first police fatality of the Troubles. Although all were subsequently found not guilty, the British government set up the Stalker Inquiry to investigate further. Died two days after being injured in premature bomb explosion at hydroelectric power station near Ballyshannon, County Donegal. that 50% of all new recruits had to be from the Catholic community for the first 10 years of its . 9 July 1986 - Carl Davies (24) and Mitchell Robert Bertram (20), both members of the British Army, were killed by an IRA remote-controlled bomb hidden in a car and trailer which was detonated when their foot patrol passed near Crossmaglen. The RUC Reserve was formed as an auxiliary police force, and all military-style duties were handed over to the newly formed Ulster Defence Regiment, which was under military command and replaced the B Specials. The Times wrote that this report criticised the Northern Ireland Government for police brutality, religious discrimination [against Catholics] and gerrymandering in politics. An inquiry by the British National Council for Civil Liberties in 1936 concluded that: [I]t is difficult to escape the conclusion that the attitude of the government renders the police chary of interference with the activities of the Orange Order and its sympathisers. Feedback on RUC officers will not face prosecution over case of first child killed in the Troubles. At least thirteen Divis Tower flats were hit by high-velocity gunfire. The loyalists intended to bring down the. 22 May 1986 - Andrew French (35), a member of the British Army and David McBride (27), a Protestant and William Smyth (25), a Catholic, members of the RUC, were killed by an IRA remote-controlled bomb hidden in a ditch, which was detonated when their joint foot patrol passed near Crossmaglen. Duringthe Troubles, 319 members of the RUC were killed and almost 9,000 injured in paramilitary assassinations or attacks, mostly by theProvisional IRA, which made the RUC, by 1983, the most dangerous police force in the world in which to serve. On 11 October 1969, Constable Victor Arbuckle was shot dead by loyalists on BelfastsShankill Roadduring serious rioting in protest at the recommendations of the Hunt Report. [24] The RUC concentrated their efforts on the nationalist rioters, who they scattered with armoured cars. It was intended that half of the RIC men recruited were to be Catholic, making up a third of positions within the force. [13]:13 In May, the Parliament of Northern Ireland passed the Constabulary Act 1922, and the RUC officially came into existence on 1 June. The direction and control of the RUC was in the hands in the Chief Constable, who was assisted by two Deputy Chief Constables and nine Assistant Chief Constables. TheBritish Armywasdeployedto restore order and state control, andpeace linesbegan to be built to separate the two sides. In December 1969, they broke away to form the Provisional IRA and vowed to defend areas from attack by loyalists and the RUC. Killed by: Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) Con David Montgomery, 20, and Sgt Peter Gilgunn, 26, were killed in an IRA gun attack. [15] Shots were exchanged there between the IRA and RUC. [15], About ninety police officers were killed between 1920 and 1922 in what would become Northern Ireland. At, Loyalistsmembers of the UVF and UPVbombed water and electricity installations in Northern Ireland, blaming them on the dormant IRA and on elements of the civil rights movement. Shot during street disturbances, at the corner of Shankill Road and Downing Street, Belfast. However the truce was broken in January 1969 when Peoples Democracy, a radical left-wing group, staged an anti-government march from Belfast to Derry. from 1943 to 1945, he was Director of Public Safety and Director of Security in the military government of Allied-occupied Italy. However, the Scarman Report concluded that, Undoubtedly mistakes were made and certain individual officers acted wrongly on occasions. The first child to be killed in the Troubles, Patrick Rooney, nine, along with Hugh McCabe, 20 and Samuel McLarnon, 28 died amid widespread disorder in Belfast on 15 August 1969.The three deaths took place in three different . Two were Protestant civilians (George Dickie and Herbert Hawe) shot by the British Army and one was an RUC officer (Victor Arbuckle) shot by the UVF. Catholics claimed that the RUC held them back so that the loyalists could burn their homes. policy. [Arbuckle was the first member of the RUC to be killed in the Troubles.] The RUC has been accused by republicans and Irish nationalists of one-sided policing and discrimination, as well ascollusionwithloyalistparamilitaries. [citation needed], It is evident that the Stormont Government is no longer in control of the situation. See here for history of Northern Ireland Troubles, This is simply the story of a boy trying to grow up, survive, thrive, have fun & discover himself against a backdrop of events that might best be described as explosive, captivating & shocking the world for thirty long years. In Dungannon and Armagh, USC officers again opened fire on rioters. It was a punishment killing, carried out by members of the Sandy Row womensUlster Defence , My time in the Crum Prison mid 80s but a matter of life and death. [32], The Republican Labour Party MP for Belfast Central, Paddy Kennedy, who was on the scene, phoned the RUC headquarters and appealed to Northern Ireland Minister for Home Affairs, Robert Porter, for the Shorlands to be withdrawn and the shooting to stop. [10], On the night of 12 August, bands of Apprentice Boys arrived back in Belfast after taking part in the Derry march. 30/04/2022 . The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [39], At 04:30 on Friday 15 August, the Police Commissioner for Belfast asked for military aid. [33][34] Protestant fears of strategically important government services being infiltrated by Catholics disloyal to the new state polarised society and made most Catholics unwilling and/or unable to join either the police or the civil service.[2]. [13]:13 To this end, its members were armed, as the RIC had been. [18] At this stage, loyalist crowds gathered on the Shankill Road but did not join in the fighting.[19]. Catholic Nationalists hijacked 50 buses from the local bus depot, set them on fire and used them as makeshift barricades to block access to Ardoyne. Totally distrusted by the Catholics, who saw them as the strong arm of the Protestant ascendancy, they could not show themselves in a Catholic area without heightening tension. [14] When they arrived, about 50 youths broke away from the march and attacked the RUC base with stones and petrol bombs. The modern peace line at Bombay Street in Belfast, seen from the Irish Catholic/nationalist side. ProtestantStatus: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Why was RUC disbanded? Scores of houses, most of them owned by Catholics, as well as businesses and factories were burned-out. Killed by: non-specific Republican group (REP) The aim was to completely reorganise the RUC, both modernizing the force and bringing it into line with the other police forces in the UK. The first RUC officer to be killed during the Troubles was Victor Arbuckle, the 29-year-old killed by two UVF gunmen, who were themselves then shot and killed by British soldiers. , 400px wide He called in with my other sister, I lived in Omagh.". For more information on cookies please refer to our cookies The lawlessness that affected the region during the early 1920s, and the problems it caused for the RUC, are indicated in a police report drawn up by District Inspector R.R. Under Young, the title was changed to Chief Constable in line with the recommendations of the Hunt Report. In the 30 years of the Troubles, 302 members of the RUC were killed and 9,000 were injured or disabled. [40] At about 21:35 that night, the soldiers finally took up positions at the blazing interface[40] and blocked the streets with barbed-wire barricades. In the Shankill area of west Belfast a Loyalist crowd attacked security forces that were involved in a search of a house. An old friend from Omagh, an ex-member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) the predecessor of the Police Service of Northern Ireland called me on Shortly after its formation, the Provisional IRA launched an offensive campaign against the state of Northern Ireland. At 10.30pm a hand-thrown bomb with a short fuse was thrown through a basement window of the Victory, an ex-servicemens club in Seymour Street near Marble Arch. [47] Stevens' intention was to make recommendations which arose from serious shortcomings he had identified in all three Inquiries. Nine police officers were killed and thirty-seven people were injured including twenty-five civilian police employees. The Scarman Inquiry found that the RUC were seriously at fault on at least six occasions during the rioting. On the second day of this confrontation, 13 August, the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association appealed for demonstrations across Northern Ireland in support of the Bogside, in an effort to draw off police resources from the conflict there. A second pipe-bomb was found outside the house. Moreover they were neither trained nor equipped for riot control duty. The same day the Warrenpoint ambush saw 18 British soldiers killed in a double bomb attack - the highest loss of life for the army during the Troubles. Killed by:Red Hand Defenders (RHD) In a statement today on behalf of the family of Patrick Rooney, Fearghal Shiels of Madden and Finucane Solicitors said that we will study the reasons given for todays decision closely with the family and assess their options, and shall press ahead with separate civil proceedings against the Chief Constable. [16] Protesters pushed burning cars onto the road to stop the RUC from entering the nationalist area. 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