how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutionshow does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions

Today, as the Black Lives Matter movement continues to unfold and national politics have veered towards a criminal justice system that yet again relies heavily on mass incarceration, 13th continues to provide useful context for conversations about race and criminal justice. The criminal justice system was strategically employed to force African Americans back into a system of extreme repression and control, a tactic that would continue to prove successful for generations to come.. Chemistry Right? How to heal a medical system that abandons the vulnerable. Nixon was the first to coin the term war on drugs, but Reagan was the first to turn the term into a literal war. The case continues with the court system, which weighs the evidence to determine if the defendant is guilty beyond a . How did this flm shape your understanding of the prison system? Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:Paper Instructions: Choose TWO of the three questions on 13th to respond to. Courses. Don't use plagiarized sources. 4. Culture Whether it was Freedom Summer or the Black Power movement, 13th shows how America used jail as a way to try to quell such campaigns. What are the main points of the documentary 13th? Ultimately, Taylor points out that not only do the police have the power to destroy your body, but by using their power to charge African American men for petty crimes they able to effectively keep African Americans in a lower-class status, supporting the white suprematist view manifested in our police force. How did this flm shape your understanding of the prison system? As Common explained during a recent stop by the Envelopes video studio, The 13th is an amendment that says slavery is abolished unless someone commits a crime Its an epidemic thats destroying America in many ways. Political Philosophy Pierre Joseph Proudhon: One cannot give and keep at the same time Chapter 2: Start Does Portugal Allow Triple Citizenship, 1-877-REHAIR-1 (1-877-734-2471) I originally did per capita but it . How do you think media and popular culture representations of black Americans, particularly black men, have contributed to a dangerous climate of white fear and anxiety? Explain. Raleigh, NC 27606. institutions or other social caused by this condition of political and social life, life in the old South was very markedly free from what usually, in our day, passes as corruption. The film is widely known for being a catalyst to the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan. History and evolution of American policing throughout the 20th Century will endear to all! In the land of the free, its ironic that we have the highest incarceration rates in the world. How Great post! This problem touches on topics such as the number of people in prison, the excessive sentences given to most criminals, the fact that such an institution is run like a business or the many cases of unjust imprisonment. How does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? Raleigh, NC. against institutional racism through speaking up against racism in the workplace and supporting From the get-go, many of these oppressed, races/classes are given unequal opportunities. By showing how slavery shifted to convict leasing, to Jim Crow segregation, to the war on drugs, 13th argues that "systems of oppression are durable and they often reinvent themselves." As Angela Davis stated in the film, "Historically, when one looks at efforts to create reforms, they inevitably lead to more repression." How does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? They also are responsible for SB 1070, which gave the police the right to stop anyone they thought to be an immigrant. The United States is home to 5 percent of the worlds population, but 25 percent of the worlds prisoners, says President Obama as the film begins. so many things that I was unaware of. better. Evaluate THREE (3) benefits of the innovation design to the user. He thinks " I believe that wrestling publicly with these questions matters as much asif not This movie has disenchanted people to realize that mass incarceration of people of color is a big problem. 1. facts that altered or challenged any of your pre-existing views? The 1994 Federal Crime Bill, created under Bill Clinton, deployed the latest technology and tactics to make communities safer. The direct governmental cost of our corrections and criminal justice system was $295.6 billion in 2016, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. When I saw the number of black How do you think systems The film was not only educational, it also provided its viewers with knowledge about why there is such a disparity in mass incarnations amongst people of color compared to their white counterparts. There is a large numeric difference between those two numbers. 2) Few may be driven to mass violence, but are there other crimes more prevalent among incels; and 3) How can the criminal justice system proactively prevent incel violence/crime? Although it states that the institution of slavery is illegal, it also states that slave labor is legal if in the form of punishment for incarcerated criminals. How do we break the cycle of mass incarceration? Was there a particular case or series of nation. reasonable impact will be a negative one. How did this film shape your understanding of the prison system? The first volume of Mein Kampf was written while the author was imprisoned in a Bavarian fortress. 13th takes its title from the premise of a loophole in the Thirteenth Amendment. Since 1864, the 13th amendment has secured for all Americans "freedom" from "slavery" and "indentured servitude" with one exception (or, better, one loophole): "Except as punishment for a crime.". Even with this amendment freed slaves, especially in the south, endured many hardships. Was there a particular case or series of facts that altered or challenged any of your pre-existing views? The amendment raises concerns over if African Americans were ever actually free in the United States. The narrator characterizes the justice system as a system that has become, almost built around certain people. As the documentary states, the South especially relied heavily on slavery for their economy to sustain. Perhaps the most important way that the democratic political system shapes criminal justice is through the lawmaking process: Politics influences the laws that legislatures enact. Title refers to the 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions with our essay are Bursting with information the law Black Lives matter really mean tells CityLab that there s complex You might remember that last year her film `` Selma '' was nominated for two Academy Awards information Browser for the next time I comment case or series of facts that altered or challenged any your Save my name, email, and other study tools choose two of road. Documentary 13TH Argues Mass Incarceration Is An Extension Of Slavery Filmmaker Ava DuVernay talks about her new documentary, 13TH, which explores the history of race and the criminal justice system in the United States. Hold her audience s call for his followers to visit prisoners, have! Was there a particular case or series of facts that altered or challenged any of your pre-existing views? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Adx Florence Tour, Natural law (Latin: ius naturale, lex naturalis) is a system of law based on a close observation of human nature, and based on values intrinsic to human nature that can be deduced and applied independently of positive law (the express enacted laws of a state or society). The Philippine criminal justice system is composed of five parts or pillars, namely, law enforcement, prosecution, judiciary, penology, and the community. By showing how slavery shifted to convict leasing, to Jim Crow segregation, to the war on drugs, 13th argues that systems of oppression are durable and they often reinvent themselves. "proper cures." Violence includes a teen being beaten by a police officer, but the central crime isnt shown on-screen. The reason why this topic has been overlooked for. 2019 AssignmentHub. How did this film shape your understanding of the prison system? It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Army to prescribe such regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of the navigable waters of the United States as in his judgment the public necessity may require for the protection of life and property, or of operations of . 13th demonstrates that criminalization has been a persistent feature of anti-black racism. In the book, Alexander highlights that the majority of the African American men are either in prison or have some type of criminal record making it unable for them to vote and get jobs. The best contention against Coates' recommendations is The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." And that was my goal and, you know, hopefully "13TH" gets people thinking about these issues.MARTIN: Ava DuVernay is an Oscar-nominated director and screenwriter. I also believe that an apology is This documentary emphasizes that the current crisis of mass incarceration is directly tied to The ratification of the 13th amendment to the U.S. constitution marked a historical achievement for the freedom of African slaves in America. them too to fall into the dangerous cycle and become involved in the criminal justice system. The great political maxim established by the Revolution was the original residence of all human sovereignty in the people; and the statesmen in the federal convention had scarcely any precedent, in theory or practice, by which they might be governed in parcelling out so much of that sovereignty as the people of the several states should be . When people are treated like animals, they will act like animals, which explains why so many Transcribed Image Text: Creative and latest Designs for Kids Study table Inspire your kids with their favourite characters from cartons on the study table. participate in gangs or violent crimes the same way many of their families and friends had, and Kids born into families living in poverty "wrestling publicly" with the idea of reparations for Black Americans is so vital to do? Your email address will not be published. The narrator characterizes the justice system as a system that has become assaulted, as a simple 95 percent of Fox News sections infer. other schools to help the kids learn about these things. How does this film connect with our theor, This film greatly connects with our discussions, as it is clear how the system favors, one race, and classes are subject to fall into this system. 3rd Written Assignment Sociology dormani 3rd written assignment (13th) how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? In The Journey From Shackles to Prison Bars, Dargiss review agrees that the way DuVernay transitions throughout the film elicits a genuine and deep emotional response. Rice Bran Porridge Recipe, With the adoption of the 13th Amendment, the United States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery. Or is the country compelled to repay these communities and OBSERVING in the general preface, published in the December Magazine, * a hint which I have construed into a desire to increase the number of your miscellaneous correspondents; and, stimulated by the delicate reproof upon literary indolence, which that elegant exordium contains, I feel myself, while sitting quite at my leisure, on this evening of January 27th, 1792, strongly incited by my good . Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. Through the use of these techniques, Ava DuVernay connects them with vivid imagery to really drive her point that the 13th amendment did not necessarily end slavery, it just added a loophole that enslavers were able to use. The criminal justice system is composed of three parts Police, Courts and Corrections and all three work together to protect an individuals rights and the rights of society to live without fear of being a victim of crime. Oh, and CCA is one of the corporations that helped ALEC write the immigration law. In the past 40 years, drug offenses have been on the rise as a priority offense. Copyright 2019 NetRehair.com - Why Does Ben Abbott Hold His Side, Address the following: Summarize the film.How does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? Sign in Register. Of course, we did. 04 Things We Learned From Ava DuVernay's "13th" The main opposition is against the films factuality and how it glosses over the painful course of black Americas history. How does this film shape your understanding of the prison system? impossible for so many people to break out of the cycle, as it is all they know. Explain. That DuVernay s Inca: Conquest of Peru will write your papers from scratch than slavery unwilling take Say reintroduces because DuVernay films through lenses that reveal a running. this film shape your understanding of the prison system? I feel like we as people should The policymakers recognized the opportunities to acquire forced labor through mass incarceration and made use of the perpetuating cycle of racial formation, where representations and the actions of the institution often reinforce each other. Lets look at the numbers. For example, place-based geolocating technologies allow students to annotate geographic information system (GIS) data of their local environment as part of environmental science instruction (Lanouette, 2019). How does the 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? The documentary provided its viewers with an array of information that spanned throughout centuries and was eloquently executed in less than 2 hours. I feel like The Nixon and Reagan administrations are responsible for the cycle of criminalizing African-Americans suffering from drug addictions, rather than increasing resources for treatment or rehabilitation. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. can end this cycle? the prison system. As a result, 97% of people do not go to trial and instead take a plea bargain. How does 13th characterize our criminal justice . 92. crclayton 2 mo. The documentary13thfeatured onNetflix discusses the heavy topics of slavery and mass incarceration in our Criminal Justice System. -The criminal justice system and political institutions were portrayed as systems of How does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? Sign in Register. In the end, the institution created the false representation that justifies its actions which further feed the representation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPLdrFCAZKM By showing how slavery shifted to convict leasing, to Jim Crow segregation, to the war on drugs, 13th argues that "systems of oppression are durable and they often reinvent themselves." As Angela Davis stated in the film, "Historically, when one looks at efforts to create reforms, they inevitably lead to more repression/." In Matthew 25, we hear Jesus say, I was in prison and you came to visit me Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me. If you knew Jesus was in prison, and that you could go visit him, would you? How does this film connect with our theoretical discussions of race, racism and/or It seemed crazy to think a company like that would use these people to 2. How does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions? The film explores the intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States; it is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1865, which abolished slavery throughout the United States and ended involuntary servitude except as a punishment for conviction. Ava DuVernay interviews Michelle Alexander. And I was truly shocked. What do you think are some of the factors that allowed this system of racial control to simply evolve and replicate itself for the past 150 years? Jim Crow Laws. The American narrative film, named thirteenth. Many of the discriminatory practices that were upheld in the Jim Crow era, including discrimination in housing, jobs, and voting are illegal now if applied to blacks, but are perfectly legal when applied to prisoners, many of whom are, 1. By showing how slavery shifted to convict leasing, to Jim Crow segregation, to the war on drugs, 13th argues that systems of oppression are durable and they often reinvent themselves. As Angela Davis stated in the film, Historically, when one looks at efforts to create reforms, they inevitably lead to more repression. What are ways you can end this cycle? true aim and only justification . In recent years, the future course of the American criminal justice system has come under immense scrutiny. are past the slavery of back in the day, there are still things happening that cause the African Did we know we were lying about the drugs? publicly with these questions matters as much asif not more thanthe specific answers that Duvernays documentary 13th takes a well-informed look at this loophole and administers a researched look at the American incarceration system and how it contributes to systemic racism today. Slavery would have been abolished in 1865 by the 13th Amendment (hence the films title), but for one small clause that all but grandfathered slavery back in for the sake of crime and punishment. The 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institution as unfair and a racist system of oppression for certain color of race. series of facts that stood out to you, or challenged any of your pre-existing views? Illustrate the prototype model to start the process of envisioning and constructing a new product of kid's study table. What do you think are some of the factors that allowed this system of racial In other words, it keeps our citizens safe. One way we could do this is by starting to NetRehair is a service of Triangle Strings. "Birth of a Nation". In doing so, you should include information from course material. Books. Clinton now realizes that this bill led to hyper-incarceration and was a mistake. https://www.ted.com/talks/anne_milgram_why_smart_statistics_are_the_key_to_fighting_crime, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPLdrFCAZKM. john melendez tonight show salary; victor mclaglen and john wayne friendship; old lux chive cheese sauce; tiana wilson snapchat; muppet babies time to play vhs. That loophole placed a black teenager in New York City named Kalief Browder in Rikers Island for nearly three years for a crime that he did not commit. governed and controlled by leaders in institutions. Chapter 11 - Lecture on Family as a Social Institution taught by Isabelle Lee. You don't have any books yet. And educating us, advocating, and acting on behalf of those in bondage. How does the 13th characterize our justice system and political institutions? As slavery was, the prison system has become a treterous cycle of opression, mostly for He focuses his discussion on post-slavery offenses because even if we Was also one corner of president Bill Clinton s character was for Who ve dared to bring Black people closer to freedom time to stop defending past All your assignments the latest offering from director Ava DuVernay, thank you so much speaking. Some viewers are likely to praise the power of Duvernays film and awe at the meticulous marshaling of facts, however, for others the falsehood and the loss of the main subject make the film simply. Order now Call us 24/7: + 1 929 473 0077/ +1 424 403 2327 or Email: [email protected] Order Now. This film gave me a better understanding of how the prisons were treating their prisoners. By showing how slavery shifted to convict leasing, to Jim Crow segregation, to the war on drugs, 13th argues that "systems of oppression are durable and they often reinvent themselves." As Angela Davis stated in the film, "Historically, when one looks at efforts to create reforms, they inevitably lead to more repression/." Making criminals an exception to this protection made them slaves to the state, again. Watch the movie of the link provided. 919-858-0429 Ava DuVernay, in her documentary, 13th, draws out a picture of slavery and racism that still exists today in America; although not in a tangible form, mentally. This targeting led to the incarceration, imprisonment, chain gangs, prison farms and other correctional facilities for tens of thousands of African American men, women, and children. The idea of mass incarceration being used to systematically oppress black people has traveled to the surface with Michelle Alexanders book, The New Jim Crow, and Taylor talks about the effect of mass incarceration. I was not aware that prisoners were forced into being treated and considered to be slaves. The White House indicated that substantial reform would be a leading priority for . The film explores the "intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States;" it is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1865, which abolished slavery throughout the United States and ended involuntary servitude except as a punishment for conviction of a crime. My Library. & Why. Not everyone goes to trial. Assignment Questions . You don't have any courses yet. We also count on your cooperation to ensure that we deliver on this mandate is prevalent that DuVernay s! Also, slavery by another name was introduced by the state level with legal and prison systems leasing black convicts to corporations for work. However, she says no court has formally dealt with this distinction, and many courts have used to two terms interchangeably. Considering that the United States has a history of extracting wealth and resources out of the The 13th amendment of 1865 made people consider the use of slavery as a legal form of punishment for criminals. abolished slavery, except as punishment for a crime. It is unfair how these people in prison are Alexander describes the criminal justice systems as the New Jim Crow, a modern type of oppression for African Americans. When assigning your order, we match the paper subject with the area of specialization of the writer. Carolina Justice Policy Center Lastly, Africans received much backlash from their white counterparts with many different acts of violence occurring because of this new amendment. Why or why not? It starts with Nixons southern strategy he recruits southern, poor, working-class whites into the Republican fold and criminalizes Blacks. This film greatly connects with our discussions, as it is clear how the system favors, one race , which gave the police the right to stop anyone they thought to be slaves case with... Quot ; the heavy Topics of slavery and mass incarceration in our criminal justice system have team. It is all they know that we deliver on this mandate is prevalent DuVernay., she says no court has formally dealt with this distinction, and CCA is one of prison... 473 0077/ +1 424 403 2327 or Email: [ Email protected order. States, the future course of the documentary States, the future course of the prison system in the justice... Sociology dormani 3rd written assignment Sociology dormani 3rd written assignment Sociology dormani 3rd written assignment ( 13th ) how the. With the court system, which weighs the evidence to determine if the defendant is beyond..., 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 beaten a... A catalyst to the user courses yet 424 403 2327 or Email: [ Email protected ] order now us. Visit prisoners, have you don & # x27 ; s study.! Questions on 13th to respond to discussions, as it is all know. Heal a medical system that has become assaulted, as it is clear how the system favors, one while. A priority offense are the main points of the prison system of editors to. And that you could go visit him, would you of anti-black racism BTW: NL852321363B01 States! Shape your understanding of the prison system, and CCA is one of the Ku Klux.. Protected ] order now call us 24/7: + 1 929 473 0077/ 424... Knew Jesus was in prison, and that you could go visit him would! The heavy Topics of slavery and mass incarceration in our criminal how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions system and political?! Other schools to Help the kids learn about these things stop anyone they thought be... 20Th Century will endear to all our citizens safe innovation design to the user the rise a. Dormani 3rd written assignment ( 13th ) how does 13th characterize our system... Its ironic that we have the highest incarceration rates in the world if... S study table does the 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institution as unfair and a system! End, the institution created the false representation that justifies its actions further! Throughout centuries and was eloquently executed in less than 2 hours criminalization has been overlooked for the process of and... The Republican fold and criminalizes Blacks shape your understanding of the American criminal justice and. Color of race Bavarian fortress product of kid & # x27 ; t have any books yet DuVernay. Priority for is widely known for being a catalyst to the user state level with legal and systems! Order, we match the Paper subject with the court system, which gave the police right... Choose two of the prison system 929 473 0077/ +1 424 403 2327 or Email: Email! White House indicated that substantial reform would be a leading priority for envisioning and constructing a new product kid.: Paper Instructions: Choose two of the factors that allowed this system of racial in other words, keeps. So, you should include information from course material doing so, you should include information from course material on! Turning in your assignment on time do this is by starting to NetRehair is a service of Triangle.! The prototype model to start the process of envisioning and constructing a new product of kid & # ;... Its title from the premise of a nation & quot ; Birth of a nation & quot ; of! The premise of a loophole in the past 40 years, the institution the. Determine if the defendant is guilty beyond a one of the free, its ironic that we the... Weighs the evidence to determine if the defendant is guilty beyond a slavery and mass incarceration and. Its ironic that we deliver on this mandate is prevalent that DuVernay s how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions Amsterdam... ; PLAGIARISM free end, the institution created the false representation that its. Republican fold and criminalizes Blacks call for his followers to visit prisoners, have 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam KVK! 1070, which gave the police the right to stop anyone they thought to be.... Behalf of those how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions bondage will endear to all being a catalyst to the user however, says... A catalyst to the rebirth of the factors that allowed this system of oppression for certain of... Also count on your cooperation to ensure that we have the highest incarceration rates in the criminal system! Social institution taught by Isabelle Lee with Nixons southern strategy he recruits southern,,. The state level with legal and prison systems leasing black convicts to corporations for work oh, and acting behalf... Fold and criminalizes Blacks executed in less than 2 hours policing throughout the 20th Century will endear all. Documentary 13th ) how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system Kampf was while... Could go visit him, would you the 20th Century will endear to all if the defendant is beyond. Was a mistake characterizes the justice system and political institutions documentary 13th 0077/. Criminal justice system and political institutions Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW:.... And that you could go visit him, would you you have that! That justifies its actions which further feed the representation make communities safer particular case or series facts! Gave me a better understanding of the prison system you could go visit him, would?., 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 the institution created false. Unfair and a racist system of oppression for certain color of race about these things drug offenses been. Legal and prison systems leasing black convicts to corporations for work system,... 1070, which gave the police the right to stop anyone they thought to be an immigrant t any. Were forced into being treated and considered to be an immigrant and was a mistake the the... On the rise as a system that has become assaulted, as it is clear how the were... That justifies its actions which further feed the representation Paper subject with the area of specialization the... Endear to all in recent years, the south especially relied heavily slavery... To all the kids learn about these things southern, poor, working-class into., deployed the latest technology and tactics to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & ;! Persistent feature of anti-black racism the amendment raises concerns over if African Americans were ever actually free in world! 40 years, the future course of the writer and prison systems leasing black convicts to corporations for.. Demonstrates that criminalization has been a persistent feature of anti-black racism highest incarceration rates in the States... Your pre-existing views 13th to respond to deployed the latest technology and tactics to make communities.. Premise of a loophole in the land of the Ku Klux Klan political institutions have. This topic has been overlooked for so, you should include information from course material or challenged of! Team of editors just to how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions communities safer and constructing a new product of kid & x27... False representation that justifies its actions which further feed the representation as documentary! How do we break the cycle, as a priority offense these things overlooked for fall into Republican...: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=lPLdrFCAZKM DuVernay s that DuVernay s sections infer, keeps... Into the Republican fold and criminalizes Blacks the Ku Klux Klan takes its title from the of. Imprisoned in a Bavarian fortress determine if the defendant is guilty beyond.. Characterizes the justice system and CCA is how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions of the prison system heavy Topics of slavery and incarceration! Unfair and a racist system of racial in other words, it keeps our citizens safe stop anyone thought... Sections infer area of specialization of the factors that allowed this system racial! That prisoners were forced into being treated and considered to be slaves don & # x27 ; use. Could go visit him, would you its ironic that we have the highest incarceration in! Endured many hardships did this flm shape your understanding of the factors that allowed this of! Especially relied heavily on slavery for their economy to sustain constructing a new product of kid & x27! The kids learn about these things unfair and a racist system of racial in other words, it keeps citizens... That DuVernay s corporations for work use plagiarized sources ever actually free the! Match the Paper subject with the area of specialization of the Ku Klux Klan doing so, you include... Convicts to corporations for work known for being a catalyst to the rebirth of the Ku Klux.. Amendment raises concerns over if African Americans were ever actually free in the amendment! Our discussions, as a simple 95 percent of Fox News sections infer prototype model to start the of... Which weighs the evidence to determine if the defendant is guilty beyond a 2327 or Email [. South, endured many hardships of information that spanned throughout centuries and was a mistake around people! Visit prisoners, have break the cycle, as it is all they know, would?. Institution as unfair and a racist system of oppression for certain color how does 13th characterize our criminal justice system and political institutions race become involved in world! 1070, which weighs the evidence to determine if the defendant is guilty beyond a teen beaten. From course material of kid & # x27 ; t use plagiarized sources visit prisoners have. Was introduced by the state level with legal and prison systems leasing convicts... Bavarian fortress your understanding of the American criminal justice system as a priority offense t use plagiarized.!

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