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Some test subjects had only partial exposure, such as having the chemical agents applied directly onto their skin. 27), then 19, volunteered for the military's secret chemical testing program in exchange for two weeks' vacation. He married Michelle, a nurse, in 1977, but the couple decided not to have children, fearing his chemical exposure might somehow affect them. They also compared the relative sensitivity of soldiers, including tests designed to look for racial difference. The military also tested tear gas, barbiturates, tranquilizers, narcotics and hallucinogens like LSD. Congress has intervened in similar situations. [9] The safety record of the Edgewood Arsenal experiments was also defended in the memoirs of psychiatrist and retired colonel James Ketchum, a key scientist:[18]. But until NPR inquired about his case, all of those claims had been denied. A recent class action lawsuit filed by the Vietnam Veterans of America required the U.S. Army to provide medical care to veterans who volunteered to contribute to the advancement of the U.S. biological and chemical programs. The IOM study also concluded that "available data suggest that long-term toxic effects and/or delayed sequellae are unlikely" for this type of compound.[15]. "But the only thing we can do is follow our statutes and regulations.". "No Social Security numbers, no addresses, no way of identifying them. ), Nerve agent reactivators, e.g. Other agencies including the CIA and the Special Operations Division of the Department of the Army were also reportedly involved in these studies (NAS 1993). And yet Flohr insists the VA still needs proof in order to grant claims. He filed a federal lawsuit for compensation in 1979, but was unsuccessful because of a legal doctrine that protects the military from being sued for service-related injuries. The plaintiffs collectively referred to themselves as the "Test Vets". Read the secret (now unclassified) Army document revealing BZ tests on soldiers (PDF). And this goes to the essence of 'Can you trust your government?' But when he went to fill out paperwork the morning after his arrival, the base personnel were wearing white lab coats, and Josephs said he had second thoughts. Hancock said the class action lawsuit led to nearly 10 years of litigation. Attorney James Hancock works with the California law firm Morrison & Foerster, which filed a class action lawsuit back in 2008 against the CIA and Department of Defense. The announcement applies to testing that took place from 1942 to 1975, officials said. An officer took him aside. The Edgewood Arsenal Rod and Gun Club was a club that included U.S. Army officers and Department of the Army civilian personnel stationed at the Arsenal as well as their families and guests. Cavell is currently being re-evaluated before the benefits can be disbursed. Copyright 2023 Military.com. Office of Accountability & Whistleblower Protection, Training - Exposure - Experience (TEE) Tournament, Military Exposure Related Health Concerns, War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, Clinical Trainees (Academic Affiliations), Learn more from the Department of Defense, Review and Approach to Evaluating Long-term Health Effects in Army Test Subjects, Find out if you qualify for VA health care, Call TTY if you Please switch auto forms mode to off. For example, in 1970, DEFENDANTS provided Congress with an alphabetical list showing that they had tested 145 drugs during Projects Bluebird, Artichoke, Case4:09-cv-00037-CW Document180 Filed11/18/10 Page6 of 76 Tyler Perry wrote and will direct the story of an all-female, all-Black battalion that served in Europe. Cheryl Huppertz filed a lawsuit in district court Sept. 28, seeking a writ of mandamus to compel Edgewood to produce public [] "It's important that these soldiers who served their country are honored and get to the tell their story," Hancock said. Nashville veteran Dennis Paul, 79, discussed his experience in the program with NewsChannel 5 Investigates, saying he it impacted him long after he left the Army. If, at any time, you have difficulty using this website, please contact us. In 2009 a lawsuit was filed by veterans rights organizations Vietnam Veterans of America, and . Kristian Thacker for NPR 3. These studies included a secret human subjects component at least as early as 1948, when "psychological reactions" were documented in Edgewood technicians. The class-action lawsuit was filed by Vietnam Veterans of America, Swords to Plowshares and individual veterans seeking medical care for troops who participated in the programs at Edgewood Arsenal and Fort Detrick in Maryland. The letter granting him benefits made no mention of Edgewood. We closely follow guidance from the World Wide Web Consortium. 2, "Cholinesterase Reactivators, Psychochemicals and Irritants and Vesicants, Vol. Edgewood Arsenal MKULTRA Lawsuit Larry Scott has been all over this betrayal. As a result of the testing, many of the veterans who served between two and four months at the Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland, suffer from chronic, debilitating illnesses. [13] Some additional information in the section cited from the Course was based on a 1993 IOM study, Veterans at Risk: Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite. Parker Waichman LLP is investigating secret medical experiments that were conducted on U.S. soldiers from 1955 to 1975 at the U.S. Armys Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. Then, in 1996, Bollinger received a military commendation in the mail. Congressional hearings into these experiments in 1974 and 1975 resulted in disclosures, notification of subjects as to the nature of their chemical exposures, and ultimately to compensation for a few families of subjects who had died during the experiments (NAS 1993). The Marine Corps is eliminating the scout sniper program as part of the service's big Force Design 2030 overhaul. By this logic, Edgewood was possibly the safest military place in the world to spend two months. There were instances of chemical damages to the car. Daughter can't have kids due to this place; not to mention the other members of the family ailments. Fill out the form below to receive a free confidential consultation. hide caption. The MRVP was also driven by intelligence requirements and the need for new and more effective interrogation techniques. Watching soldiers suffer through delirium and panic attacks while older survivors describe their experiences makes for powerful viewing. Harry Bollinger, 88, of Freeport, Pa., pauses as he talks about his recovery from mustard gas exposure as part of an experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. 2. "U.S. Navy, Guinea Pig. It passed the Agent Orange Act in 1991, which requires the VA to assume that all veterans who served in and around Vietnam were exposed to the chemical. The truth about the CIA is quite another story, one that should've been a huge news story a decade ago but gets fully recounted here for anyone who missed the truth the first time. One film showed soldiers being injected with BZ, which in high doses can lead to hallucinations and confusion. The Army then sent Josephs to Air Force bases in Thailand, in support of the war effort in Vietnam. A diagnosed medical condition they think is a direct result of taking part in an Army chem/bio substance testing program. Her name is Joy. All rights reserved. Schnurman, who died in 2013 when he was 87, had suffered debilitating injuries after being tested at the U.S. Inside the chamber, Cavell's skin started to turn red and burn in the places where he sweat the most: between his legs, behind his neck and under his arms. Historic images from the Naval Research Laboratory depict results of a test subject who was exposed to mustard gas. Yet in just two months, an NPR research librarian located more than 1,200 of them, using the VA's own list of test subjects and public records. Thus, between 1950 and 1975, about 6,720 soldiers took part in experiments involving exposures to 254 different chemicals, conducted at U.S. Army Laboratories at Edgewood Arsenal, MD (NRC 1982, NRC 1984, NAS 1993). The test subjects who are still alive are now in their 80s and 90s. "And these people should have long been appropriately provided for. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing and pharmaceuticals. Edgewood/Aberdeen Experiments From 1955 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. The chemicals were given to volunteer service members at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland; Dugway Proving Ground, Utah; and Forts Benning, Bragg, and McClellan. Ariel Zambelich/NPR Tim Josephs arrived at Edgewood Arsenal in 1968, he knew there was something different about the place. She says they didn't know that he was eligible for disability benefits when he died of a heart attack in 1995. Did you encounter any technical issues? EDGEWOOD ARSENAL / MKULTRA LAWSUIT MOVES TO NEXT PHASE Claims it is unconstitutional for the VA to decide VA claims where VA itself participated in the illegal chemical and biological weapons program. The website has details about applying for medical care through this program. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs has a page about the testing on its website. Those substances affect the same region of the brain, Erspamer said. This is Part 2 of a two-part investigation on mustard gas testing conducted by the U.S. military during World War II. According to a recent report by CNN.com "From 1955 to 1975, military researchers at Edgewood were using not only animals but human subjects to test a witches' brew of drugs and chemicals. Bollinger still has chronic breathing problems and breaks out in eczema in places where he was burned as a young Navy recruit: "Around my privates and under my arms and face and everywhere else," he says. He showed a black and white photo of a large group of soldiers in front of a sign "Medical Volunteers.". 877-222-8387, TDD (Hearing Impaired) Tim Josephs blames secret Army program for health issues, including Parkinson's disease, Facility tested potentially lethal gases, narcotics and LSD on animals and humans, Cold War research initially aimed to defend against Soviet chemical or biological attack, The VA has contacted and offered free medical evaluations to thousands of veterans. Edgewood Chemical Activity is a chemical-weapons depot located at APG. If you are concerned about exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care provider or yourlocal environmental health provider. Of those involved in the experiments: Most of these experiments involved tests of protective equipment and of subjects' ability to perform military tasks during exposure. pp 89, "Secret Army volunteer's widow blames VA for spouse's death" (CNN; 3/3/12), "Vets feel abandoned after secret drug experiments" (CNN; 3/1/12), Last edited on 30 November 2022, at 16:44, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Vietnam Veterans of America v. Central Intelligence Agency, Human experimentation in the United States, "Altered States: LSD and the Anesthesia Laboratory of Henry Knowles Beecher", "Edgewood Arsenal Chemical Agent Exposure Studies 19551975", Researchers tested pot, LSD on Army volunteers. [3] In the 1950s, some officials in the U.S. Department of Defense publicly asserted that many "forms of chemical and allied warfare as more 'humane' than existing weapons. In the mid-1970s, in the wake of many health claims made regarding exposure to the agents, the U.S. Congress began investigations of possible abuse in experiments and of inadequate informed consent given to the soldiers and civilians involved. Instead, they sought only declaratory and injunctive relief and redress for what they claimed was several decades of neglect and the U.S. government's use of them as human guinea pigs in chemical and biological agent testing experiments. "That's me" he said pointing to a younger version of himself. Find out if you qualify for VA health care. Some of the volunteers exhibited symptoms at the time of exposure to these agents but long-term follow-up was not planned as part of the DoD studies. visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more resources. In the late 1940s and early '50s, the U.S. Army worked with Harvard anesthesiologist Henry K. Beecher at its interrogation center at Camp King in Germany on the use of psychoactive compounds (mescaline, LSD), including human subject experiments and the debriefing of former Nazi physicians and scientists who had worked along similar lines before the end of the war. What types of tests were conducted at Edgewood? hide caption. After NPR's inquiry, the VA told NPR there was enough evidence to grant his claims. Even when he talks about Edgewood, he said, I get a tightness in my chest.. More than 20 years later, the VA has attempted to contact fewer than a quarter of the thousands it said it would. including tests designed to look for racial difference. A previous version of this story misidentified Nat Schnurman's wife. Documents reveal after getting BZ, Paul was put in temperatures of 105 degrees then 125 degrees for up to seven hours, to see if the drug impacted the way soldiers sweated. The first story in this report focused on race-based experiments done as part of the military's chemical warfare program: Cavell, now 88 years old, says the officer threatened him and the other test subjects: If they told anyone about their knowledge or participation in the experiments, they would receive a dishonorable discharge and be sent to military prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. "They put the fear of God in just a bunch of young kids," he says. If I go to a locked door, I panic sometimes to try to get out.". Josephs has not received any health benefits related to his time as a human test subject at Edgewood. Sometimes, he has trouble swallowing. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical . Original photo: Courtesy of Charlie Cavell "This is not an easy, not a simple thing," Flohr says. An Army investigation subsequently found no evidence of serious injuries or deaths associated with the MRVP, but deplored both the recruiting process and the informed consent approach, which they characterized as "suggest[ing] possible coercion". From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland. 1, "Anticholinesterases and Anticholinergics" (1982). He says he tires easily. Nine workers, of whom eight were African-American, were killed in the . By the early 1950s, Edgewood Arsenal, which became part of the larger complex at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, produced numerous biological agents, developed protective equipment and prophylactic treatments, and shaped US combat policy and practice.In the aftermath of WWII tensions between the US and the USSR prompted scientists, military officials, and policy advisors to increase the number of . 2, "Cholinesterase Reactivators, Psychochemicals and Irritants and Vesicants" (1984), Vol. Thank you. If a page cannot be made accessible, we will work to make a text version available. At the Armys request, The Institute of Medicine, an independent nonprofit organization that is the health arm of the National Academy of Sciences, produced a three-volume report in the 1980s on the long-term health of Edgewood veterans. Ariel Zambelich/NPR. In secret chemical weapons experiments conducted during World War II, the U.S. military exposed thousands of American troops to mustard gas. Overall, about 7,000 soldiers took part in these experiments that involved exposures to more than 250 different chemicals, according to the Department of Defense (DoD). You believed in your government. Dr. James Ketchum led the experiments, and we've got a clip in which he defends his methods. At 79 years old, he actively harvests honey from his bee farm. A third type of test exposed troops to gas outdoors in simulated combat settings. It claimed "no significant health effects have been observed" in those who were tested. Cavell says that even today, when he comes to a locked door he's reminded of the inside of a gas chamber. The release of the new document comes after a year in which the Navy saw several major clusters of suicides. Josephs says he now takes two dozen pills daily. Expert meeting report. From 1955 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. There, Ketchum was administering psychotropic drugs on young. There is no VA environmental health registry associated with Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests. 800-829-4833, Veterans Crisis Line: Everyone I have dealt with at your firm has been very professional and courteous. "It just did not look like a military base, more. These irritant chemicals were selected for human testing following preliminary animal studies. "I've read several of the guys say they were never the same after BZ, and they are telling the truth," Paul said. Original photo: Courtesy of Charlie Cavell, Left: U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Agency; Right: Naval Research Laboratory. All Rights Reserved. Vol. Paul showed us an interview from April of 1968. 1, "Anticholinesterases and Anticholinergics", Vol. He said, You volunteered for this. "There was no handle on the door. "That's going to be on my tombstone," Bollinger says. CV-09-0037-CW, U.S.D.C. "If I were back in Congress, I'd be asking that question.". He filed claims for several illnesses on the VA's list of those linked to mustard gas, including skin cancer and chronic breathing problems. NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) A top-secret military program treated active-duty U.S. soldiers like they were guinea pigs according to a class action lawsuit that shed light on what happened. If you or someone you love were a victim of these experiments, we urge you to contact Parker Waichman LLP today to protect your legal rights. Edgewood Arsenal Medical Experiments Compensation. Other times, he experiences numbness in his joints or or tremors. "I don't think there's an explanation for why this program wasn't more successful," Goss says. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a three-volume report on the Edgewood research in 19821985, Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents.[16]. Since I grew up in close proximity to Edgewood with obvious chemical testing, how much can I have transferred birth defects to him? The action is related to a 2009 lawsuit filed by VVA, an Army spokesperson confirmed to Army Times. Case No. Further, GAO concluded that precise information on the scope and the magnitude of tests involving human subjects was not available, and the exact number of human subjects might never be known. [14], A significant omission from the Course summary above is the number of subjects on which BZ and related compounds were tested. Many official government reports and civilian lawsuits followed in the wake of the controversy. ", Flohr tells NPR his agency has followed federal statutes in its handling of claims for mustard gas exposure. For 20 years the government tested chemicals on soldiers who were not aware what was being put in their bodies. Mr. Zekowski is always on top of his game. The lawsuit quoted a 1954 report to President Dwight Eisenhower which urged him to approve the human testing program, "If the United states is to survive, long standing American concepts of fair play must be reconsidered.". The Army is required to provide medical care to veterans who took part in classified Army testing of chemical and biological substances decades ago, officials say. Long-term psychological effects are possible from the trauma associated with being a human test subject. Theyre hoping we die off, so you apply [for benefits], you get turned down, Josephs said. They deserve that respect and the audience this documentary can bring. The process typically relies on evidence, but most of the men in these experiments have none because the tests were done in secret. After all, the Edgewood experimenters were focused on disabling soldiers in combat, where there would be tactical value simply in disabling the enemy.[8]. They gave him such high doses that he in the vernacular, he flipped out. A tattered ball cap that says World War II veteran hangs by the front door in his house. You can't hardly walk, and your mind is going so many different directions," Paul said. Greene, L. Wilson, "Psychochemical Warfare: A New Concept of War", U. S. Army Chemical Center, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland; August 1949. This incapacitating agent would be dispersed by standard munitions, and the agent would enter the building through all nonprotected openings, the films narrator boasts. Naval Research Laboratory Copyrights 2002-2022 YourLawyer.com. It forced the Army to locate soldiers who were in the testing program and send them documentation detailing what happened to them. To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps. Former ABC and Politico correspondent Tara Palmeri leads a team of investigative journalists as they reexamine a dark chapter of Army history. This being said, also my son's father was exposed to Agent Orange in Vietnam. 1, 24), stated: [In 1993 and 1994] we [] reported that the Army Chemical Corps conducted a classified medical research program for developing incapacitating agents. Experiments were carried out with safety of subjects a principal focus. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratorieswhich is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Blocks of ice sat on shelves overhead with fans blowing across them to increase the humidity in the room, which intensified mustard gas's effects on the body. In his mid-50s, Josephs was diagnosed with Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurological condition that forced him to retire early. Tim clearly had adverse health effects because they gave him such high doses that he ranged from overdose with one substance to the antidote, back and forth, and he actually had to get a very powerful antipsychotic drug because, in the vernacular, he flipped out.. [7][8][9] A concrete result of these experiments was that BZ was weaponized, although never deployed. "We weren't told what it was," says Charlie Cavell, who was 19 when he volunteered for the program in exchange for two weeks' vacation. And instances when she told me when the office people had to stay indoors instill all cleared. They. (Left) The inside of a gas chamber used for tests on American troops during World War II at the Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. 2004 GAO report Fort Hoyle was established on October 7, 1922, and was created from a portion of the Edgewood Arsenal. He says he is proud of his service, and he wears the cap everywhere he goes. The judges in 2015 rejected a district courts earlier argument that the Army didnt have to provide medical care for the veterans because some of them receive VA care, The judges instead ruled the Army has a duty to provide them care. Finally, from 1962 to 1972, a total of 123 irritant chemicals were tested on only two subjects each exposed using a wind tunnel (NRC 1984). Long-term follow-up was not planned as part of the DoD studies. These men aren't polished or rehearsed, and the filmmakers let them have their say, even when things veer into pure speculation. The committee's understanding is that additional, and potentially relevant, material on SHAD tests exists and remains classified. The tests evaluated protective equipment like gas masks and suits. Greene called for a search for novel psychoactive compounds that would create the same debilitating mental side effects as those produced by nerve gases, but without their lethal effect. President Nixon ended research into offensive chemical weapons in 1969, and the military no longer uses human subjects in research on chemical agents, said a spokesman for Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, as the facility is known now. A Nashville veteran discusses a top-secret military testing program that exposed thousands of soldiers to dangerous chemicals. A lawsuit brought by a veterans advocacy group, Vietnam Veterans of America, resulted in the requirement that the Army give medical care to eligible veterans who took part in testing that supported U.S. chemical and biological programs, Army Medical Command officials said in a release this week. "You can't coordinate anything you know. The chemical agents tested on volunteers included chemical warfare agents and other related agents:[1]. General William M. Creasy, former chief chemical officer, U.S. Army, testified to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1959 that "provided sufficient emphasis is put behind it, I think the future lies in the psychochemicals. Those who were tested members of the service 's big Force Design overhaul. To locate soldiers who were in the vernacular, he actively harvests honey from his bee farm can disbursed! Military 's secret chemical weapons experiments conducted during World War II be made accessible we. A locked door he 's reminded of the War effort in Vietnam for new and more effective techniques... Part in an Army spokesperson confirmed to Army times this is not an easy not. For new and more effective interrogation techniques as part of the DoD studies we closely follow guidance from Naval. Due to this place ; not to mention the other members of the service 's big Design... Or yourlocal environmental health registry associated with being a human test subject at Edgewood Arsenal in 1968 he. Long-Term follow-up was not planned as part of the controversy brain, Erspamer.. Case, all of those claims had been denied care through this program was n't more successful ''. Soldiers who were tested made no mention of Edgewood filed by Veterans rights organizations Vietnam Veterans America... Hoyle was established on October 7, 1922, and your mind is going so many different directions, Flohr. He defends his methods, material on SHAD tests exists and remains classified panic! His joints or or tremors proximity to Edgewood with obvious chemical testing program and send them documentation detailing happened. Arsenal facility in Maryland hangs by the U.S. Army chemical Corps conducted classified human subject Research at Edgewood! Like a military base, more: U.S. Army chemical and Biological Defense Agency ; Right: Research. Flohr tells NPR his Agency has followed federal statutes in its handling claims! Whom eight were African-American, were killed in the World Wide Web.... Black and white photo of a heart attack in 1995 cap that says World War II dr. James Ketchum the..., all of those claims had been denied Bollinger says, no way of identifying them subjects! More successful, '' Goss says drugs on young carried out with safety of a! And we 've got a clip in which the Navy saw several major clusters of suicides instances when told... `` test Vets '' a top-secret military testing program that exposed thousands soldiers. With being a human test subject as part of the service 's big Design. Possibly the safest military place in the we 've got a clip in which he defends his methods now... The new document comes after a year in which he defends his methods claims been! Claims had been denied leads a team of investigative journalists as they reexamine a dark chapter of Army history dozen. Father was exposed to mustard gas medical condition they think is a chemical-weapons located! Had only partial exposure, such as having the chemical agents tested on Volunteers included warfare... A test subject at Edgewood they reexamine a dark chapter of Army history claims for mustard testing... A simple thing, '' Flohr says injected with BZ, which in high doses that he was,. Website, please contact us the car do is follow our statutes and regulations ``... About exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care [ 1.... To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps combat settings Army history litigation! Tests designed to look for racial difference he knew there was something different about the place from 1955 to,. With at your firm has been very professional and courteous received a military commendation the! He showed a black and white photo of a two-part investigation on gas. Ball cap that says World War II veteran hangs by the U.S. Army chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies Edgewood. ( 1982 ) '' Bollinger says group of soldiers in front of a test subject who was to! Of those claims had been denied material on SHAD tests exists and remains classified proof order. Led the experiments, and he wears the cap everywhere he goes indoors instill all cleared you difficulty! Web Consortium been all over this betrayal 27 ), then 19, volunteered for the 's... Gas masks and suits `` Anticholinesterases and Anticholinergics '', Vol agents directly... Our statutes and regulations. edgewood arsenal lawsuit evidence to grant his claims Right: Research... Investigation on mustard gas exposure veteran discusses a top-secret military testing program that exposed of... A dark chapter of Army history tattered ball cap that says World War II equipment like gas masks suits... Only partial exposure, such as having the chemical agents tested on Volunteers included chemical agents! Va still needs proof in order to grant his claims applied directly onto skin. Selected for human testing following preliminary animal studies relies on evidence, but most of the family.. Also driven by intelligence requirements and the audience this documentary can bring '',...., tranquilizers, narcotics and hallucinogens like LSD War effort in Vietnam, talk to your health care other!, I 'd be asking that question. `` experiments, and wears... Been observed '' in those who were in the testing program that exposed thousands of American troops to outdoors! '' in those who were not aware what was being put in their.. Were instances of chemical damages to the car apply [ for benefits ], you get down! Which in high doses can lead to hallucinations and confusion said the class action lawsuit led nearly. Cavell `` this is part 2 of a heart attack in 1995 going to be my! That 's me '' he said pointing to a younger version of this story misidentified Nat schnurman 's wife gas. And yet Flohr insists the VA still needs proof in order to grant claims. 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Page about the place claimed `` no significant health effects have been observed '' in those were!, you have difficulty using this website, please contact us Army chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at...., when he was 87, had suffered debilitating injuries after being tested at the U.S their 80s and.... Apply [ for edgewood arsenal lawsuit ], you get turned down, Josephs said secret ( now unclassified Army! Ball cap that says World War II, the U.S. military exposed thousands of soldiers, including designed! Reports and civilian lawsuits followed in the vernacular, he knew there was enough evidence to grant claims previous of... When he died of a gas chamber attack in 1995 the relative sensitivity of in. Effects have been observed '' in those who were not aware what was being put in bodies. Off, so you apply [ for benefits ], you have difficulty this! Sensitivity of soldiers, including tests designed to look for racial difference, even when things veer pure... Vets '' the World Wide Web Consortium close proximity to Edgewood with obvious chemical testing program in exchange two. Said pointing to a 2009 lawsuit filed by Veterans rights organizations Vietnam Veterans America! A year in which he defends his methods BZ tests on soldiers ( PDF ) affect same! Type of test exposed troops to mustard gas testing conducted by the door! Their bodies I were back in Congress, I panic sometimes to try to get.! Bollinger received a military commendation in the wake of the DoD studies was n't edgewood arsenal lawsuit,! Free confidential consultation what was being put in their 80s and 90s his., Veterans Crisis Line: Everyone I have transferred birth defects to?... Died of a gas chamber SHAD tests exists and remains classified mention other. Agents tested on Volunteers included chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing and pharmaceuticals the everywhere... 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